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Income recognition:
Interest income:
Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is
the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross
carrying amount of a financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Group estimates the expected cash
flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and
similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses.
Dividends
Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is
probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group, and the amount of the dividend
can be measured reliably.
r) Financial liabilities:
i)
Classification as debt or equity
Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Group are classified according to the substance of the
contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
ii) Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value.
iii) Subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Financial
liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
iv) De-recognition
A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.
s) Offsetting financial instruments:
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet where there is a legally
enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset
and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be
enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Group or the
counterparty.
t) Derivatives and hedging activities:
The Group holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward, interest rate swaps, currency swaps
and currency options to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. The counterparty for
these contracts is generally a bank.
(i) Financial assets or financial liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss
This category has derivative financial assets or liabilities which are not designated as hedges.
Although the Group believes that these derivatives constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they may not
qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. Any derivative that is either not designated a
hedge, or is so designated but is ineffective as per Ind AS 109, is categorised as a financial asset or financial liability,
at fair value through profit or loss.
Derivatives not designated as hedges are recognised initially at fair value and attributable transaction costs are
recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, these
derivatives are measured at fair value through profit or loss and the resulting exchange gains or losses are included
in other income. Assets| Liabilities in this category are presented as current assets|current liabilities if they are either
held for trading or are expected to be realised within 12 months after the Balance Sheet date.
(ii) Cash flow hedge
The Group designates certain foreign exchange forward and options contracts as cash flows hedges to mitigate the
risk of foreign exchange exposure on firm commitment and highly probable forecast transactions. It designates certain
interest rate swaps as cash flows hedge to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange exposure on variable interest loans.
When a derivative is designated as a cash flows hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value
of the derivative is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income and accumulated in the cash flows hedging reserve.
Note 1 Significant Accounting Policies
(continued)
Notes
to the Consolidated Financial Statements